{"id":967,"date":"2023-11-19T20:55:27","date_gmt":"2023-11-19T12:55:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ggapa.net:81\/?p=967"},"modified":"2023-11-25T17:43:21","modified_gmt":"2023-11-25T09:43:21","slug":"%e7%89%a9%e8%b4%a8%e7%9a%84%e9%87%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/ggapa.net:81\/2023\/11\/19\/%e7%89%a9%e8%b4%a8%e7%9a%84%e9%87%8f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>1 \u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf<\/h1>\n<p>\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u76ee\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b26\u53f7\u53ca\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3a $n$\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u6469\u5c14\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3a $mol$\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba1\u91cf\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a\u5fae\u89c2\u7c92\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>2 \u963f\u4f0f\u4f3d\u5fb7\u7f57\u5e38\u6570<\/h1>\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a$1$ $mol$ \u7c92\u5b50\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u6240\u542b\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u6570\u7ea6\u4e3a $6.02 \\times 10^{23}$ \uff0c$1$ $mol$  \u4efb\u4f55\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u6570\u53eb\u505a\u963f\u4f0f\u4f3d\u5fb7\u7f57\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3a $N_A$\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528 $6.02 \\times 10^{23} mol^{-1}$ \u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>$n = \\frac{N}{N_A}$ <\/p>\n<h1>3 \u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf<\/h1>\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3a $M$\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a $g\/mol$\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u4ee5 <strong>$g\/mol$<\/strong> \u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u503c\u4e0a\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u7c92\u5b50\u7684<strong>\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf<\/strong>\u6216<strong>\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>$n = \\frac{m}{M}$ <\/p>\n<h1>4 \u6c14\u4f53\u6469\u5c14\u4f53\u79ef<\/h1>\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u6240\u5360\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3a $V_m$ \uff0c$V_m = \\frac{v}{n}$ ;\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a $L\/mol $ \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c14\u4f53\u6469\u5c14\u4f53\u79ef\u4e0e\u6c14\u4f53\u6240\u5904\u7684<strong>\u6e29\u5ea6<\/strong>\u4e0e<strong>\u538b\u5f3a<\/strong>\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728<strong>\u6807\u51b5<\/strong>\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u4f53\u79ef\u7ea6\u4e3a $22.4L\/mol$ \uff0c$1$ $mol$ <strong>\u4efb\u4f55\u6c14\u4f53<\/strong>\u6240\u5360\u636e\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u90fd\u4e3a $22.4L$ \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6c34\u5728\u6807\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u662f\u6c14\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6c14\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u6c14\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4.2 \u963f\u4f0f\u4f3d\u5fb7\u7f57\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/h2>\n<p>\u540c\u6e29\u540c\u538b\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u4f53\u79ef\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6c14\u4f53\u90fd\u542b\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u76ee\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.2.2 \u963f\u4f0f\u4f3d\u5fb7\u7f57\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u63a8\u8bba<\/h3>\n<p>\u8be5\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a8\u8bba\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u540c\u6e29\u540c\u538b\u65f6\uff0c\u4f53\u79ef\u4e4b\u6bd4\u7b49\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u4e4b\u6bd4\u7b49\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u6570\u4e4b\u6bd4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u540c\u6e29\u540c\u4f53\u79ef\u65f6\uff0c\u538b\u5f3a\u4e4b\u6bd4\u7b49\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u4e4b\u6bd4\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u6570\u4e4b\u6bd4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u540c\u6e29\u540c\u538b\u65f6\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e4b\u6bd4\u7b49\u4e8e\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u4e4b\u6bd4\u7b49\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u4e4b\u6bd4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u540c\u6e29\u540c\u538b\u4e0b\u540c\u4f53\u79ef\u65f6\uff0c\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0e\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4.2.3 \u7406\u60f3\u6c14\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u65b9\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<p>$$<br \/>\nPV = nRT<br \/>\n$$<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d $R$ \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\uff0c$T$ \u4ee3\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c $n$ \u4ee3\u8868\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\uff0c$P$ \u4ee3\u6307\u538b\u5f3a\uff0c$V$ \u4ee3\u8868\u4f53\u79ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u65b9\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u51fa 4.2.2 \u4e2d\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u8be5\u65b9\u7a0b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u5f62\uff1a<br \/>\n$$<br \/>\nPM= \\rho RT<br \/>\n$$<br \/>\n$\\rho$ \u4ee3\u8868\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c$M$ \u4ee3\u8868\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u8868\u793a\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u63a8\u5bfc\uff1a$PV=nRT \\Rightarrow PV=\\frac{m}{M }RT \\Rightarrow PM = \\frac{m}{v} RT \\Rightarrow \\rho RT$<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<p>$\\mathrm{{\\Large Example1} } $<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6e29\u540c\u538b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b49\u8d28\u91cf\u7684 $CH_4\u3001CO_2\u3001O_2\u3001SO_2$ \uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\uff0c$CH_4$ \u4f4d\u4e8e\u7b2c\u51e0\u4e2a\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u89e3\u7b54<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c06 $PM=nRT$ \u5e26\u5165\u8be5\u9898\u76ee\uff0c$V=n=\\frac{m}{M}$ \uff0c\u6613\u5f97\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a $4$\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>5 \u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6<\/h1>\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u5355\u4f4d\u63d0\u53ca\u6eb6\u6db2\u91cc\u6240\u542b\u6eb6\u8d28 $B$ \u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6eb6\u6db2\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u6eb6\u8d28 B \u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6<\/p>\n<p>\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1a $c_B = \\frac{n<em>B}{V<\/em>{\u6db2}}$ <\/p>\n<p>\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a $mol\/L$<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u548c\u6c34\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u76f8\u4e92\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4e8c\u8005\u4f53\u79ef\u4e4b\u548c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u5f3a\u7535\u89e3\u8d28<\/strong>\u5728\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u7535\u79bb\uff0c\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e4b\u6bd4\u7b49\u4e8e\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u4e4b\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d $\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u6240\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u7684\u603b\u6570 = \u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u6240\u5e26\u7684\u8d1f\u7535\u8377\u603b\u6570$\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>5.2 \u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u6362\u7b97<\/h2>\n<p>\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6 $c_B = \\frac{n_B}{V_{\u6db2}}$  \uff0c\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570 $w = \\frac{m_{\u6eb6\u8d28}}{m_{\u6eb6\u6db2}} \\times 100\\%$ \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5219\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>$$c = \\frac{1000pw}{M}$$<\/p>\n<p>$M$  \u4e3a\u6eb6\u8d28\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c$\\rho$ \u4e3a\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002<del>\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff1f<\/del><\/p>\n<h2>5.3 \u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u7a00\u91ca<\/h2>\n<p>\u6eb6\u8d28\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5728\u7a00\u91ca\u524d\u540e\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6eb6\u8d28\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u5728\u7a00\u91ca\u524d\u540e\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5b88\u6052\uff0c\u4f46\u4f53\u79ef\u4e0d\u5b88\u6052\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1 \u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf \u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u76ee\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u3002 \u7b26\u53f7\u53ca\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3a $n$\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u6469\u5c14\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3a $mol$ [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[32],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ggapa.net:81\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/967"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ggapa.net:81\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ggapa.net:81\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ggapa.net:81\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ggapa.net:81\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=967"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"http:\/\/ggapa.net:81\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/967\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":989,"href":"http:\/\/ggapa.net:81\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/967\/revisions\/989"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ggapa.net:81\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=967"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ggapa.net:81\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=967"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ggapa.net:81\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=967"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}